How to use the prime numbers list
- Choose Up to 100, Up to 1,000 or Up to 10,000, or type your own range in From and to, such as 500 to 600. The number of primes in the range shows next to it.
- Read the primes in order, starting from 2.
- Press Copy list to copy every prime shown, separated by commas, ready for a spreadsheet or code.
How the list is made: the sieve of Eratosthenes
The list on this page is built with a method that is over 2,000 years old. To find every prime up to 100:
- Write down the numbers from 2 to 100.
- The first number, 2, is prime. Cross out every multiple of 2 after it: 4, 6, 8 and so on.
- The next number that isn’t crossed out, 3, is prime. Cross out its multiples, starting from 9, since smaller ones like 6 are already gone.
- Repeat with 5 (start at 25) and 7 (start at 49).
- Stop once the next prime squared is bigger than 100. 11 × 11 is 121, so you’re done, and every number left is prime.
It’s fast because each number is crossed out only by its own prime factors, with no division needed. To test one number, or to see the factors of one that isn’t prime, use the prime number checker.
Patterns in the list
- 1 isn’t prime. A prime has exactly two divisors, 1 and itself, and 1 has only one. Leaving it out also means every whole number splits into primes in exactly one way.
- After 5, every prime ends in 1, 3, 7 or 9. Anything ending in 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8 is even, and anything ending in 5 divides by 5.
- After 3, every prime is one more or one less than a multiple of 6, like 29 (30 − 1) and 31 (30 + 1). The reverse isn’t true: 25 is next to 24 but isn’t prime.
- Primes thin out as numbers grow. A quarter of the numbers up to 100 are prime, but only about one in six up to 1,000 and one in eight up to 10,000.