How many letters are in the Greek alphabet?

24, from alpha (Α α) to omega (Ω ω).

Why does sigma have two lowercase forms?

In Greek writing, σ is used inside a word and ς at the end of one. In maths only σ is used.

How do I type Greek letters?

Copy them from this table. On Windows you can also add a Greek keyboard in language settings, and on a Mac use the Greek input source or the character viewer.

Where does the word alphabet come from?

From the first two Greek letters, alpha and beta.

Greek alphabet

All 24 Greek letters to copy.

24 rows

Name	Sounds like	Common uses
Alpha	a	α for angles and the significance level in statistics
Beta	b (v in modern Greek)	β for beta particles and a stock’s volatility
Gamma	g	γ for gamma rays; Γ for the gamma function
Delta	d	Δ for “change in”; δ for a small amount
Epsilon	e (short)	ε for a very small quantity
Zeta	z	ζ for the Riemann zeta function
Eta	ē (long e)	η for efficiency and viscosity
Theta	th	θ for an unknown angle
Iota	i	“Not one iota”: the smallest letter
Kappa	k	κ for curvature
Lambda	l	λ for wavelength and eigenvalues
Mu	m	μ for micro (one millionth) and the mean
Nu	n	ν for frequency
Xi	x (ks)	ξ for a random variable
Omicron	o (short)	Rarely used in maths: looks like the letter o
Pi	p	π ≈ 3.14159; Π for a product
Rho	r	ρ for density and correlation
Sigma	s	Σ for a sum; σ for standard deviation
Tau	t	τ for torque and time constants
Upsilon	u, y	Used for some particles in physics
Phi	ph (f)	φ for the golden ratio and angles
Chi	ch (kh)	χ² for the chi-squared test
Psi	ps	ψ for the wave function; a symbol for psychology
Omega	ō (long o)	Ω for ohms; ω for angular velocity

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How to use the Greek alphabet table

Find a letter by name (sigma), by the letter itself (Σ) or by what it is used for (angle).
Click the capital or small letter to copy it.
Paste it into a document, a message or an equation.

Greek letters in maths and science

Greek letters stand for quantities that already have their own Latin letter or need a separate symbol: π for the ratio of a circle’s circumference to its diameter, Σ for summing a list, Δ for a change, μ for one millionth, Ω for ohms and λ for wavelength. Statistics uses μ and σ for a population’s mean and standard deviation.

Look-alikes

Several capitals look exactly like Latin letters (Α, Β, Ε, Ζ, Η, Ι, Κ, Μ, Ν, Ο, Ρ, Τ, Υ, Χ) but are different characters. Copying from this table gives you the real Greek letter, which matters for search, spell-checking and passwords.